Maine, University of

Universiteit van Maine, openbare universiteit inclusief zeven universiteitsterreinen verspreid over staat Maine (in V.S.)

האוניברסיטה של מיין, אוניברסיטה ציבורית הכוללת 7 קמפוסים ברחבי מדינת מיין (בארה"ב)

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◙ (ב"הראב) ןיימ תנידמ יבחרב םיסופמק 7 תללוכה תירוביצ הטיסרבינוא,ןיימ לש הטיסרבינואה◄

1) Город на северо-западе штата Орегон. 529,1 тыс. жителей (2000), с пригородами [Greater Portland Area] 1,9 млн. жителей; самый крупный город штата. Основан в 1845 переселенцами из Новой Англии [ New England], статус города с 1851. Важный промышленный и торгово-финансовый центр Тихоокеанского Северо-Запада [ Pacific Northwest]. Порт для судов класса "река-море" на р. Колумбия [ Columbia River]; верфи. Международный аэропорт. Деревообработка, электроника; полиграфия, текстильная промышленность, производство продуктов питания. Портлендский университет [Portland, University of], Портлендский университет штата [Portland State University], Колледж Рида [Reed College], Колледж Льюиса и Кларка [ Lewis and Clark College], Колледж Конкордии [ Concordia colleges], симфонический оркестр штата [Oregon Symphony Orchestra], опера. Крупнейшая газета штата "Портленд Орегониан" [Portland Oregonian]. Штаб-квартира федерального Совета по сохранению энергетических и природных ресурсов Тихоокеанского Северо-Запада [Pacific Northwest Electric Power and Conservation Planning Council]. Сыграл роль крупного перевалочного пункта во время "золотых лихорадок" в Калифорнии и на Клондайке [ Gold Rush; Klondike Gold Rush]. В 1889 здесь проложена первая в мире линия электропередачи длиной 23 км. В годы второй мировой войны - крупный центр военного кораблестроения. Город разделен р. Уилламетт [ Willamette River] на западную и восточную стороны, соединенные 11 мостами. Среди достопримечательностей: здание "Суда пионеров" [ Pioneer Courthouse]. Музей Орегонского исторического общества [Oregon Historical Society], Американский музей рекламы [ American Advertising Museum], Портлендский художественный музей [ Portland Art Museum], Портлендский центр сценических искусств [Portland Center for the Performing Arts], лесопарк [Forest Park] (крупнейший городской лесной массив в США). Ежегодный фестиваль и выставка роз [Rose Festival, Rose Show] в июне; Портленд имеет прозвище "Город роз" ["City of Roses"]. Город обычно занимает одни из первых мест в рейтингах по качеству жизни

2) Город на юге штата Мэн. Расположен на полуострове и нескольких островах. 64,2 тыс. жителей (2000), самый крупный город штата и торгово-финансовый центр Новой Англии [ New England] (в этой роли уступает только г. Бостону). Первое поселение основано на острове в 1623, материковое - в 1632, статус города с 1832. Морской порт в заливе Каско [Casco Bay]. База рыболовного флота, верфи. Международный аэропорт [Portland International Jetport] - крупнейший в штате. Судостроение, производство бумаги, целлюлозы, обуви; полиграфия, туризм. Отделение Мэнского университета [ Maine, University of], Колледж Уэстбрука [Westbrook College], Портлендская художественная школа [Portland School of Art]. Родина Г. Лонгфелло [ Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth]. Среди достопримечательностей: Портлендский маяк [Portland Head Light] (1791) - старейший в США, дом-музей Уодсуортов-Лонгфелло [Wadsworth-Longfellow House] и памятник поэту на названной его именем площади [Longfellow Square], Портлендский художественный музей [Portland Museum of Art], Музей исторического общества Мэна [Maine Historical Society Museum], в здании которого помещен один из крупнейших в мире органов. Вокруг города популярные курорты на озере Себаго [Sebago Lake]

1) Город на юго-западе штата Мэн, на р. Кеннебек [ Kennebec River]. Столица штата (с 1832), административный центр графства Кеннебек [Kennebec County]. 18,5 тыс. жителей (2000). Деревообработка, производство бумаги, компьютеров. Туризм. Основан в 1628 как торговый пост Плимутской компании [ Plymouth Company]. Первоначально был известен под названиями Кушнок [Cushnoc, Koussinoc] (1625-1771), Халлоуэлл [Hallowell] (1771-97), Харрингтон [Harrington] (1797). Современное название (с 1797) дано в честь дочери военного Г. Дирборна [ Dearborn, Henry] Памелы Огасты Дирборн [Dearborn, Pamela Augusta]; статус города с 1849. Среди достопримечательностей - здание законодательного собрания штата [State House], построенное по проекту Ч. Булфинча [ Bulfinch, Charles] в 1832; Форт Вестерн [Fort Western] (1754); Особняк губернатор [Executive Mansion], Музей штата Мэн [Maine State Museum]. В пригороде - Мэнский университет [ Maine, University of] (1965). Белградские озера [Belgrade Lakes] - популярное место отдыха.

2) Город на востоке штата Джорджия, порт на р. Саванна [ Savannah River]. 199,7 тыс. жителей (2000), с пригородами 477,4 тыс. В 90-е годы XX в. наблюдались быстрые темпы прироста населения. Административный центр графства Ричмонд [Richmond County]. Основан в 1735 на месте пушной фактории [ trading post]; назван в честь матери английского короля Георга III. В 1783-95 столица Джорджии. Торговый и промышленный центр, транспортный узел большого региона в Джорджии и Южной Каролине. Химическая промышленность (минеральные удобрения, медикаменты). ГЭС на р. Саванна. Зимний курорт, популярный среди любителей гольфа. Известен прекрасными садами, в городе много исторических памятников и домов, в том числе дом, где провел детство президент США В. Вильсон [ Wilson, (Thomas) Woodrow]. Колледж Пэйна [Paine College] (1882), Университет штата в Огасте [Augusta State University] (1925), Медицинский колледж Джорджии [Medical College of Georgia] (1828). В пригороде - Форт Гордон [ Fort Gordon], учебный центр войск связи [ Signal Corps]; играет важную роль в экономике города.

1) Компьютерная техника: UnSharp Masking

2) Американизм: United State Of Mind

3) Религия: United Spirits Meet

4) Юридический термин: Underground Spot Mafia

5) Грубое выражение: Unstoppable Sex Machine

6) Сокращение: Submarine-launched Missile, United States Mail, United States Mint, underwater-to-surface missile

7) Университет: University System of Maryland, University of Southern Maine, University of Southern Mississippi

8) Электроника: Ultra Sonic Motor

9) Вычислительная техника: user security matrix

10) Банковское дело: рынок некотируемых ценных бумаг при Лондонской фондовой бирже (unlisted securities market)

11) Инвестиции: unlisted securities market

12) Безопасность: User Session Management

13) AMEX. United States Cellular Corporation

1) Компьютерная техника: UnSharp Masking

2) Американизм: United State Of Mind

3) Религия: United Spirits Meet

4) Юридический термин: Underground Spot Mafia

5) Грубое выражение: Unstoppable Sex Machine

6) Сокращение: Submarine-launched Missile, United States Mail, United States Mint, underwater-to-surface missile

7) Университет: University System of Maryland, University of Southern Maine, University of Southern Mississippi

8) Электроника: Ultra Sonic Motor

9) Вычислительная техника: user security matrix

10) Банковское дело: рынок некотируемых ценных бумаг при Лондонской фондовой бирже (unlisted securities market)

11) Инвестиции: unlisted securities market

12) Безопасность: User Session Management

13) AMEX. United States Cellular Corporation

SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology

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Of farming stock, Bovie entered the University of Michigan in 1904 but did not obtain his degree until 1908. During this time he taught geology and biology at Antioch and attended the University of Missouri. In 1910 he moved to Harvard and engaged in plant growth research using an instrument invented by him, the auxometer. In 1914 he gained his PhD in connection with studies on the effects of ultraviolet light on protoplasm. He was Director of the Cancer Commission laboratory and in 1916 investigated the effects of heat and radiation on living tissues and assisted in the development of radium applicators. Bovie's invention, in 1926, of the electrosurgical knife, which permitted the performance of bloodless surgery, came to the attention of Cushing, who was able in 1927 to report on its use in 547 neurosurgical operations. In 1927 Bovie was appointed Professor and Chairman of the Department of Biophysics at Northwestern University, Illinois, and in 1929 he moved to Maine to set up his own private laboratory.

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1) hinaufgehen/-fahren; [Ballon:] aufsteigen; (Theatre) [Vorhang:] aufgehen, hochgehen; [Lichter:] angehen

2) (increase) [Bevölkerung, Zahl:] wachsen; [Preis, Wert, Zahl, Niveau:] steigen; (in price) [Ware:] teurer werden

3) (be constructed) [Gebäude, Barrikade:] errichtet werden

4) (be destroyed) in die Luft fliegen (ugs.); hochgehen (ugs.)

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1) (to increase in size, value etc: The temperature/price has gone up.) steigen

2) (to be built: There are office blocks going up all over town.) bauen

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◆ go up

1. (move higher) hinaufgehen; (onto a ladder) hinaufsteigen; curtain hochgehen; balloon aufsteigen

I was \go uping up the stairs when... ich ging gerade die Treppe hinauf, als...

2. (increase) prices, interest rates, temperature steigen

I can \go up up as far as that, but that's my limit bis dahin kann ich gehen, aber das ist mein letztes Gebot

everything is \go uping up alles wird teurer!

to \go up up 2% um 2 % steigen

3. (approach)

▪ to \go up up to sb/sth auf jdn/etw zugehen

4. (move along)

▪ to \go up up to sth [bis] zu etw dat hingehen; (in vehicle) [bis] zu etw dat hinfahren

\go up up to the next street light and... fahren Sie bis zur nächsten Straßenlaterne und...

let's \go up up to the pub and have a drink lass uns in die Kneipe gehen und was trinken fam

\go uping up the river is harder because... den Fluss hinaufzufahren ist schwerer, da...

5. (travel northwards)

to \go up up to Maine/Edinburgh hoch nach Maine/Edinburgh fahren

6. (extend to) hochreichen, hinaufreichen; (of time) bis zu einer bestimmten Zeit gehen

their property \go upes up to the top of that hill ihr Grundstück reicht bis zu dem Gipfel des Hügels dort hinauf

the sale \go upes up to Sunday der Ausverkauf geht noch bis zum Sonntag

7. (be built) entstehen

a new factory is \go uping up on the old airport beim alten Flughafen entsteht eine neue Fabrik

8. (burn up) hochgehen fam, in die Luft gehen

to \go up up in flames/smoke in Flammen/Rauch aufgehen

to \go up up in smoke ( fig) sich akk in Rauch auflösen

9. (be heard) ertönen

a shout went up from the crowd as... ein Schrei stieg von der Menge auf, als...

10. BRIT UNIV (begin university) zu studieren anfangen; (return to university) nach den Semesterferien wieder weiterstudieren

he is \go uping up to Oxford this year er nimmt dieses Jahr sein Studium in Oxford auf

▶ to \go up up against sb sich akk jdm widersetzen; (in a fight) auf jdn losgehen fam

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go up v/i

1. die Straße etc hinaufgehen

2. steigen (Fieber etc), (Preise auch) anziehen:

go up in sb’s estimation in jemandes Achtung steigen

3. entstehen, gebaut werden

4. THEAT hochgehen (Vorhang)

5. go up in flames in Flammen aufgehen; → academic.ru/68275/smoke">smoke A 2

6. Br (zum Semesteranfang) zur Universität gehen

7. SPORT aufsteigen

8. Br nach London fahren

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1) hinaufgehen/-fahren; [Ballon:] aufsteigen; (Theatre) [Vorhang:] aufgehen, hochgehen; [Lichter:] angehen

2) (increase) [Bevölkerung, Zahl:] wachsen; [Preis, Wert, Zahl, Niveau:] steigen; (in price) [Ware:] teurer werden

3) (be constructed) [Gebäude, Barrikade:] errichtet werden

4) (be destroyed) in die Luft fliegen (ugs.); hochgehen (ugs.)

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hinaufgehen v.

1) ( move higher) hinaufgehen;

( onto a ladder) hinaufsteigen; curtain hochgehen; balloon aufsteigen;

I was \go uping up the stairs when... ich ging gerade die Treppe hinauf, als...

2) ( increase) prices, interest rates, temperature steigen;

I can \go up up as far as that, but that's my limit bis dahin kann ich gehen, aber das ist mein letztes Gebot;

everything is \go uping up alles wird teurer!;

to \go up up 2% um 2% steigen

3) ( approach)

to \go up up to sb/ sth auf jdn/etw zugehen

4) ( move along)

to \go up up to sth [bis] zu etw dat hingehen;

( in vehicle) [bis] zu etw dat hinfahren;

\go up up to the next street light and... fahren Sie bis zur nächsten Straßenlaterne und...;

let's \go up up to the pub and have a drink lass uns in die Kneipe gehen und was trinken ( fam)

\go uping up the river is harder because... den Fluss hinaufzufahren ist schwerer, da...

5) ( travel northwards)

to \go up up to Maine/ Edinburgh hoch nach Maine/Edinburgh fahren

6) ( extend to) hochreichen, hinaufreichen;

( of time) bis zu einer bestimmten Zeit gehen;

their property \go upes up to the top of that hill ihr Grundstück reicht bis zu dem Gipfel des Hügels dort hinauf;

the sale \go upes up to Sunday der Ausverkauf geht noch bis zum Sonntag

7) ( be built) entstehen;

a new factory is \go uping up on the old airport beim alten Flughafen entsteht eine neue Fabrik

8) ( burn up) hochgehen ( fam), in die Luft gehen;

to \go up up in flames/ smoke in Flammen/Rauch aufgehen;

to \go up up in smoke ( fig) sich akk in Rauch auflösen

9) ( be heard) ertönen;

a shout went up from the crowd as... ein Schrei stieg von der Menge auf, als...

10) ( Brit) univ ( begin university) zu studieren anfangen;

( return to university) nach den Semesterferien wieder weiterstudieren;

he is \go uping up to Oxford this year er nimmt dieses Jahr sein Studium in Oxford auf

to \go up up against sb sich akk jdm widersetzen;

( in a fight) auf jdn losgehen ( fam)

up [ʌp] (pt & pp upped, cont upping)

1 adverb

A.

(a) (towards a higher position or level) en haut;

∎ all the way up, the whole way up, right up (to the top) (of stairs, hill) jusqu'en haut;

∎ he's on his way up il monte;

∎ they had coffee sent up ils ont fait monter du café;

∎ hang it higher up accrochez-le plus haut;

∎ wait till the moon comes up attends que la lune se lève;

∎ familiar he doesn't have very much up top c'est pas une lumière, il a pas inventé l'eau chaude ou le fil à couper le beurre;

∎ familiar she's got plenty up top elle en a dans le ciboulot

(b) (in a higher position, at a higher level)

∎ she wears her hair up elle porte ses cheveux relevés;

∎ hold your head up high! redressez la tête!;

∎ heads up! attention!;

∎ up above au-dessus;

∎ the glasses are up above the plates les verres sont au-dessus des assiettes;

∎ up in the air en l'air;

∎ look at the kite up in the sky regardez le cerf-volant (là-haut) dans le ciel;

∎ I live eight floors up j'habite au huitième (étage);

∎ she lives three floors up from us elle habite trois étages au-dessus de chez nous;

∎ she's up in her room elle est en haut dans sa chambre;

∎ we spend our holidays up in the mountains nous passons nos vacances à la montagne;

∎ from up on the mountain du haut de la montagne;

∎ do you see her up on that hill? la voyez-vous en haut de ou sur cette colline?;

∎ what are you doing up there? qu'est-ce que vous faites là-haut?;

∎ the captain is up on deck le capitaine est en haut sur le pont;

∎ have you ever been up in a plane? avez-vous déjà pris l'avion?;

∎ up the top tout en haut;

∎ it's up on top of the wardrobe c'est sur le dessus de l'armoire;

∎ figurative she's up there with the best (of them) elle est parmi ou dans les meilleurs

(c) (in a raised position) levé;

∎ Charles has his hand up Charles a la main levée;

∎ wind the window up (in car) remontez la vitre;

∎ put your hood up relève ou mets ta capuche;

∎ she turned her collar up elle a relevé son col

(d) (into an upright position) debout;

∎ up you get! debout!;

∎ he helped me up il m'a aidé à me lever ou à me mettre debout;

∎ sit up straight! tiens-toi droit!;

∎ the trunk was standing up on end la malle était debout;

∎ familiar up and at them! grouillez-vous!

(e) (out of bed)

∎ get up! debout!;

∎ she got up late this morning elle s'est levée tard ce matin;

∎ she's always up and doing elle n'arrête jamais

(f) (facing upwards)

∎ the body was lying face up le corps était couché sur le dos;

∎ I turned the poster right side up j'ai mis l'affiche dans le bon sens ou à l'endroit;

∎ put it the other way up retournez-le;

∎ he turned his hand palm up il a tourné la main paume vers le haut;

∎ fragile - this way up (on packaging) fragile - haut;

∎ familiar figurative he doesn't know which end is up il est bête comme ses pieds

(g) (erected, installed)

∎ they're putting up a new hotel there ils construisent un nouvel hôtel là-bas;

∎ help me get the curtains/the pictures up aide-moi à accrocher les rideaux/les tableaux

(h) (on wall)

∎ up on the blackboard au tableau;

∎ I saw an announcement up about it je l'ai vu sur une affiche

(i) (removed)

∎ careful, we've got some of the floorboards up attention au plancher, il manque des lattes;

∎ when we've got the carpet up… quand nous aurons enlevé la moquette…

B.

(a) (towards north)

∎ they came up for the weekend ils sont venus pour le week-end;

∎ it's cold up here il fait froid ici;

∎ up there là-bas;

∎ up north dans le nord

(b) (in, to or from a larger place)

∎ up in Madrid à Madrid;

∎ she's up in Maine for the week elle passe une semaine dans le Maine;

∎ we're up from Munich nous venons ou arrivons de Munich;

∎ he was on his way up to town il allait en ville

(c) British (at university)

∎ he's up at Oxford il est à Oxford

(d) (further)

∎ there's a café up ahead il y a un café plus loin;

∎ the sign up ahead says 10 miles la pancarte là-bas indique 10 miles

(e) (in phrasal verbs)

∎ the clerk came up to him le vendeur s'est approché de lui ou est venu vers lui;

∎ a car drew up at the petrol pump une voiture s'est arrêtée à la pompe à essence;

∎ up came a small, blonde child un petit enfant blond s'est approché

(f) (close to)

∎ up close de près;

∎ I like to sit up front j'aime bien m'asseoir devant;

∎ when you get right up to her quand vous la voyez de près;

∎ they stood up close to one another ils se tenaient l'un contre l'autre ou tout près l'un de l'autre

C.

(a) (towards a higher level)

∎ prices have gone up by 10 percent les prix ont augmenté ou monté de 10 pour cent;

∎ bread has gone up again le pain a encore augmenté;

∎ the temperature soared up into the thirties la température est montée au-dessus de trente degrés;

∎ they can cost anything from £750 up ils coûtent au moins 750 livres, on en trouve à partir de 750 livres;

∎ suitable for children aged seven and up convient aux enfants âgés de sept ans et plus;

∎ all ranks from sergeant up tous les rangs à partir de celui de sergent

(b) (more loudly, intensely) plus fort;

∎ speak up parlez plus fort;

∎ he turned the radio up il a mis la radio plus fort

D.

(a) (indicating completion)

∎ drink up! finissez vos verres!;

∎ eat up your greens finis tes légumes;

∎ the river had dried up la rivière s'était asséchée

(b) (into small pieces)

∎ he ripped the shirt up il a mis la chemise en lambeaux;

∎ I tore up the letter j'ai déchiré la lettre (en petits morceaux)

(c) (together)

∎ add these figures up additionnez ces chiffres;

∎ the teacher gathered up his notes le professeur a ramassé ses notes

E.

(a) (before an authority)

∎ he came up before the judge for rape il a comparu devant le juge pour viol;

∎ the murder case came up before the court today le meutre a été jugé aujourd'hui;

∎ she comes up before the board tomorrow elle paraît devant le conseil demain

(b) familiar (indicating support)

∎ up (with) the Revolution! vive la Révolution!;

∎ Sport up the Lakers! allez les Lakers!

2 adjective

A.

(a) (at or moving towards higher level) haut;

∎ the river is up le fleuve est en crue;

∎ the tide is up la marée est haute;

∎ before the sun was up avant le lever du soleil;

∎ prices are up on last year les prix ont augmenté par rapport à l'année dernière;

∎ the temperature is up in the twenties la température a dépassé les vingt degrés

(b) (in a raised position) levé;

∎ the blinds are up les stores sont levés;

∎ keep the windows up (in car) n'ouvrez pas les fenêtres;

∎ her hair was up (in a bun) elle avait un chignon;

∎ her hood was up so I couldn't see her face sa capuche était relevée, si bien que je ne voyais pas sa figure;

∎ figurative his defences were up il était sur ses gardes

(c) (in an upwards direction)

∎ the up escalator l'escalier roulant qui monte

(d) British Railways (heading for a larger city)

∎ the up train le train qui va en ville;

∎ the up platform le quai où l'on prend le train qui va en ville

(e) (out of bed)

∎ is she up yet? est-elle déjà levée ou debout?;

∎ we're normally up at 6 d'habitude nous nous levons à 6 heures;

∎ she was up late last night elle s'est couchée ou elle a veillé tard hier soir;

∎ they were up all night ils ne se sont pas couchés de la nuit, ils ont passé une nuit blanche

(f) (in tennis)

∎ was the ball up? la balle était-elle bonne?

B.

(a) (road) en travaux;

∎ road up (sign) travaux

(b) (erected, installed)

∎ these buildings haven't been up long ça ne fait pas longtemps que ces immeubles ont été construits;

∎ are the new curtains up yet? les nouveaux rideaux ont-ils été posés?;

∎ when the tent's up quand la tente sera montée

(c) (on wall)

∎ are the results up yet? les résultats sont-ils déjà affichés?

C.

(a) (finished, at an end) terminé;

∎ time is up! (on exam, visit) c'est l'heure!; (in game, on meter) le temps est écoulé!;

∎ when the month was up he left à la fin du mois, il est parti

(b) (ahead) Sport

∎ Madrid was two goals up Madrid menait de deux buts;

∎ Sport Georgetown was 13 points up on Baltimore Georgetown avait 13 points d'avance sur Baltimore;

∎ Golf to be one hole up avoir un trou d'avance;

∎ familiar I'm $50 up on you j'ai 50 dollars de plus que vous^□ ;

∎ familiar to be one up on sb avoir un avantage sur qn^□

(c) familiar (ready) prêt^□ ;

∎ dinner's up le dîner est prêt

(d) (in operation)

∎ the computer's up again l'ordinateur fonctionne à nouveau

D.

(a) familiar (cheerful) gai^□ ;

∎ he seemed very up when I saw him il avait l'air en pleine forme quand je l'ai vu

(b) (well-informed)

∎ to be up on sth être au fait de qch^□ ;

∎ he's really up on history il est fort ou calé en histoire^□ ;

∎ she's always up with the latest trends elle est toujours au courant de la dernière mode^□

E.

(a) to be up (before an authority) comparaître;

∎ to be up before a court/a judge comparaître devant un tribunal/un juge;

∎ she's up before the board tomorrow elle comparaît devant le conseil demain

(b) familiar (idioms)

∎ something's up (happening) il se passe quelque chose^□ ; (wrong) quelque chose ne va pas^□ ;

∎ what's up? (happening) qu'est-ce qui se passe?^□ ; (wrong) qu'est-ce qu'il y a?^□ ; American (as greeting) quoi de neuf?;

∎ what's up with you? (happening) quoi de neuf?; (wrong) qu'est-ce que tu as?^□ ;

∎ do you know what's up? est-ce que tu sais ce qui se passe?^□ ;

∎ something's up with Mum il y a quelque chose qui ne va pas chez maman^□, maman a quelque chose^□ ;

∎ there's something up with the TV la télé débloque

3 preposition

(a) (indicating motion to a higher place or level)

∎ we carried our suitcases up the stairs nous avons monté nos valises;

∎ he ran up the stairs il a monté l'escalier en courant;

∎ she was up and down stairs all day elle montait et descendait les escaliers toute la journée;

∎ I climbed up the ladder je suis monté à l'échelle;

∎ the cat climbed up the tree le chat a grimpé dans l'arbre;

∎ the smoke went up my nose la fumée m'est montée par le nez;

∎ the gas goes up this pipe le gaz monte par ce tuyau;

∎ further up the wall plus haut sur le mur;

∎ literary up hill and down dale par monts et par vaux

(b) (at or to the top of)

∎ her flat is up those stairs son appartement est en haut de cet escalier;

∎ the cat is up a tree le chat est (perché) sur un arbre;

∎ we walked up the street nous avons monté la rue;

∎ she pointed up the street elle a montré le haut de la rue;

∎ she lives up this street elle habite dans cette rue;

∎ the café is just up the road le café se trouve plus loin ou plus haut dans la rue

(c) (towards the source of)

∎ up the river en amont;

∎ a voyage up the Amazon une remontée de l'Amazone

(d) British familiar (at, to) à^□ ;

∎ he's up the pub il est au pub;

∎ I'm going up the shops je vais faire les courses^□

(e) (idiom) very familiar

∎ up yours! va te faire voir!

4 transitive verb

(a) (increase) augmenter;

∎ they have upped their prices by 25 percent ils ont augmenté leurs prix de 25 pour cent;

∎ also figurative to up the stakes monter la mise

(b) (promote) lever, relever;

∎ the boss upped him to district manager le patron l'a bombardé directeur régional

(c) (idiom)

∎ to up sticks plier bagages

5 intransitive verb

∎ familiar she upped and left elle a fichu le camp;

∎ he just upped and hit him tout à coup il (s'est levé et) l'a frappé;

∎ he upped and married her en moins de deux, il l'a épousée

6 noun

(a) (high point) haut m;

∎ ups and downs (in land, road) accidents mpl; (of market) fluctuations fpl;

∎ I've had a lot of ups and downs in my life j'ai connu des hauts et des bas;

∎ we all have our ups and downs nous avons tous des hauts et des bas

(b) (increase)

∎ the market is on the up le marché est à la hausse;

∎ prices are on the up les prix sont en hausse

(c) familiar (drug) amphet f, amphé f

7 up against preposition

(a) (touching) contre;

∎ lean the ladder up against the window appuyez l'échelle contre la fenêtre

(b) (in competition or conflict with)

∎ you're up against some good candidates vous êtes en compétition avec de bons candidats;

∎ they don't know what they're up against! ils ne se rendent pas compte de ce qui les attend!;

∎ to be up against the law être dans l'illégalité;

∎ familiar to be up against it être dans le pétrin

8 up and about, up and around adjective

∎ I've been up and about since 7 o'clock (gen) je suis levé depuis 7 heures;

∎ so you're up and about again? (after illness) alors tu n'es plus alité?

9 up and down

1 adverb

(a) (upwards and downwards)

∎ he was jumping up and down il sautait sur place;

∎ she looked us up and down elle nous a regardés de haut en bas;

∎ the bottle bobbed up and down on the waves la bouteille montait et descendait sur les vagues;

∎ I was up and down all night (in and out of bed) je n'ai pas arrêté de me lever la nuit dernière

(b) (to and fro) de long en large;

∎ I could hear him walking up and down je l'entendais faire les cent pas ou marcher de long en large;

∎ she walked up and down the platform elle faisait les cent pas sur le quai

(c) (in all parts of)

∎ up and down the country dans tout le pays

2 adjective

∎ she's been very up and down lately elle a eu beaucoup de hauts et de bas ces derniers temps

10 up for preposition

(a) (under consideration, about to undergo) à;

∎ the house is up for sale la maison est à vendre;

∎ the project is up for discussion on va discuter du projet;

∎ she's up for election elle est candidate ou elle se présente aux élections

(b) (due to be tried for)

∎ he's up for murder/speeding il va être jugé pour meurtre/excès de vitesse

(c) familiar (interested in, ready for)

∎ are you still up for supper tonight? tu veux toujours qu'on dîne ensemble ce soir?^□ ;

∎ he's up for anything il est toujours partant^□ ;

∎ was she up for it? (willing to have sex) elle a bien voulu coucher?

11 up to preposition

(a) (as far as) jusqu'à;

∎ he can count up to 100 il sait compter jusqu'à 100;

∎ the river is up to 25 feet wide le fleuve a jusqu'à 25 pieds de largeur;

∎ the bus can take up to 50 passengers le bus peut accueillir jusqu'à 50 passagers;

∎ I'm up to page 120 j'en suis à la page 120;

∎ up to and including Saturday jusqu'à samedi inclus;

∎ up to here jusqu'ici;

∎ up to or up until now jusqu'à maintenant, jusqu'ici;

∎ up to or up until then jusqu'alors, jusque-là;

∎ we were up to our knees in mud nous avions de la boue jusqu'aux genoux

(b) (the responsibility of)

∎ should he attend the meeting? - that's up to him est-ce qu'il doit assister à la réunion? - il fait ce qu'il veut ou c'est à lui de voir;

∎ which film do you fancy? - it's up to you quel film est-ce que tu veux voir? - c'est comme tu veux;

∎ it's entirely up to you whether you go or not il ne tient qu'à toi de rester ou de partir;

∎ if it were up to me… si c'était moi qui décidais ou à moi de décider…;

∎ it's up to them to pay damages c'est à eux ou il leur appartient de payer les dégâts

(c) (capable of)

∎ to be up to doing sth être capable de faire qch;

∎ he's not up to heading the team il n'est pas capable de diriger l'équipe;

∎ my German is not up to translating novels mon niveau d'allemand ne me permet pas de traduire des romans;

∎ he's not up to it (not good enough) il n'est pas capable de le faire;

∎ are you going out tonight? - no, I don't feel up to it tu sors ce soir? - non, je n'en ai pas tellement envie;

∎ he's not up to the journey il n'est pas à même de faire le voyage;

∎ are you up to working or to work? êtes-vous capable de ou en état de travailler?;

∎ I'm not up to going back to work je ne suis pas encore en état de reprendre le travail;

∎ familiar the football team isn't up to much l'équipe de foot ne vaut pas grand-chose;

∎ familiar I don't feel up to much je ne me sens pas en super forme

(d) (as good as)

∎ his work is not up to his normal standard son travail n'est pas aussi bon que d'habitude;

∎ the levels are up to standard les niveaux sont conformes aux normes;

∎ I don't feel up to par je ne me sens pas en forme

(e) (engaged in, busy with)

∎ let's see what she's up to allons voir ce qu'elle fait ou fabrique;

∎ what have you been up to lately? qu'est-ce que tu deviens?;

∎ what's he been up to now? qu'est-ce qu'il a encore inventé?;

∎ what's he up to with that ladder? qu'est-ce qu'il fabrique avec cette échelle?;

∎ what are you up to with my girlfriend? qu'est-ce que tu lui veux à ma copine?;

∎ they're up to something ils manigancent quelque chose;

∎ she's up to no good elle prépare un mauvais coup;

∎ the things we got up to in our youth! qu'est-ce qu'on ou ce qu'on ne faisait pas quand on était jeunes!

►► Computing up arrow flèche f vers le haut;

up arrow key touche f de déplacement vers le haut

1) Военный термин: Unconventional Military Operations, Unit Management Document, Unit Movement Officer

2) Музыка: Unidentified Musical Object

3) Сокращение: Unit Mobility Officer

4) Университет: University of Maine, Orono, University of Missouri

5) Деловая лексика: Ultimate Mobile Office

________________________________________

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William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the name "Mintonette".

The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he met James Naismith who, in 1891, had invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the Auburn (Maine) YMCA after which, during the summer of 1896, he moved to the YMCA at Holyoke (Massachusetts) where he became Director of Physical Education. In this role he had the opportunity to establish, develop, and direct a vast programme of exercises and sports classes for male adults.

His leadership was enthusiastically accepted, and his classes grew in numbers. He came to realise that he needed a certain type of competitive recreational game in order to vary his programme. Basketball, which sport was beginning to develop, seemed to suit young people, but it was necessary to find a less violent and less intense alternative for the older members.

________________________________________

________________________________________

The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.

Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.

In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.

During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.

On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.

In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.

1900 - YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.

1905 - YMCA spread volleyball to Cuba

1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports

1909 - YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico

1912 - YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay

1913 - Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games

1917 - YMCA spread volleyball to Brazil

In 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".

1916 - The NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs.

In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.

1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it's troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands.

In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.

In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.

In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.

1930's Recreational sports programs became an important part of American life

In 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.

In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.

In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.

Late 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play) Most balls played with overhand pass

1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organized

In 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.

In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.

In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport.

1951 - Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries

1955 - Pan American Games included volleyball

1957 - The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games.

1959 - International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held.

1960 Seven midwestern institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)

1964Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California

1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.

In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.

The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather panelling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.

In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.

1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.

1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.

In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.

In 1975, the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).

In 1977, the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).

In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.

In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.

In 1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.

In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.

In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.

In 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.

In 1990, the World League was created.

In 1992, the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.

In 1994, Volleyball World Wide, created.

In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!

In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the Olympics

There is a good book, "Volleyball Centennial: The First 100 Years", available on the history of the sport.

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1) Университет: University of Maine, Fort Kent

2) Транспорт: Uppsala Flying Club

1) Компьютерная техника: ультрамобильный ПК, ультрамобильный персональный компьютер, Ultra Mobile PC

2) Сокращение: ultra mobile personal computer

3) Университет: University of Maine Pagan Campus

Augusta, nombre propio.

plural de UNIVERSITY OF MAINE, AUGUSTA

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Weapons and armour

[br]

[br]

[br]

Maxim was born the son of a pioneer farmer who later became a wood turner. Young Maxim was first apprenticed to a carriage maker and then embarked on a succession of jobs before joining his uncle in his engineering firm in Massachusetts in 1864. As a young man he gained a reputation as a boxer, but it was his uncle who first identified and encouraged Hiram's latent talent for invention.

It was not, however, until 1878, when Maxim joined the first electric-light company to be established in the USA, as its Chief Engineer, that he began to make a name for himself. He developed an improved light filament and his electric pressure regulator not only won a prize at the first International Electrical Exhibition, held in Paris in 1881, but also resulted in his being made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. While in Europe he was advised that weapons development was a more lucrative field than electricity; consequently, he moved to England and established a small laboratory at Hatton Garden, London. He began by investigating improvements to the Gatling gun in order to produce a weapon with a faster rate of fire and which was more accurate. In 1883, by adapting a Winchester carbine, he successfully produced a semi-automatic weapon, which used the recoil to cock the gun automatically after firing. The following year he took this concept a stage further and produced a fully automatic belt-fed weapon. The recoil drove barrel and breechblock to the vent. The barrel then halted, while the breechblock, now unlocked from the former, continued rearwards, extracting the spent case and recocking the firing mechanism. The return spring, which it had been compressing, then drove the breechblock forward again, chambering the next round, which had been fed from the belt, as it did so. Keeping the trigger pressed enabled the gun to continue firing until the belt was expended. The Maxim gun, as it became known, was adopted by almost every army within the decade, and was to remain in service for nearly fifty years. Maxim himself joined forces with the large British armaments firm of Vickers, and the Vickers machine gun, which served the British Army during two world wars, was merely a refined version of the Maxim gun.

Maxim's interests continued to occupy several fields of technology, including flight. In 1891 he took out a patent for a steam-powered aeroplane fitted with a pendulous gyroscopic stabilizer which would maintain the pitch of the aeroplane at any desired inclination (basically, a simple autopilot). Maxim decided to test the relationship between power, thrust and lift before moving on to stability and control. He designed a lightweight steam-engine which developed 180 hp (135 kW) and drove a propeller measuring 17 ft 10 in. (5.44 m) in diameter. He fitted two of these engines into his huge flying machine testrig, which needed a wing span of 104 ft (31.7 m) to generate enough lift to overcome a total weight of 4 tons. The machine was not designed for free flight, but ran on one set of rails with a second set to prevent it rising more than about 2 ft (61 cm). At Baldwyn's Park in Kent on 31 July 1894 the huge machine, carrying Maxim and his crew, reached a speed of 42 mph (67.6 km/h) and lifted off its rails. Unfortunately, one of the restraining axles broke and the machine was extensively damaged. Although it was subsequently repaired and further trials carried out, these experiments were very expensive. Maxim eventually abandoned the flying machine and did not develop his idea for a stabilizer, turning instead to other projects. At the age of almost 70 he returned to the problems of flight and designed a biplane with a petrol engine: it was built in 1910 but never left the ground.

In all, Maxim registered 122 US and 149 British patents on objects ranging from mousetraps to automatic spindles. Included among them was a 1901 patent for a foot-operated suction cleaner. In 1900 he became a British subject and he was knighted the following year. He remained a larger-than-life figure, both physically and in character, until the end of his life.

[br]

See also: Pilcher, Percy Sinclair

CM / JDS